湘潭农业生态系统能值分析及其可持续发展评价.docVIP

湘潭农业生态系统的能值分析及其可持续发展评价 熊林金，周子英，徐邹华，杨 君，朱玲瑶 （湖南农业大学资源环境学院，长沙 410128） 摘 要：应用H.T.Odum的能值分析理论方法,对湘潭市农业生态经济系统的能值流进行定量 分析。结果表明: 2008年，总能值投入量为1.13E+21sej，总能值产出量为3.34E+19sej,净 能值产出率为0.04，净能值投资率为1.16，环境负载率为0.41，可持续发展指数为0.10。湘潭市尚处于从传统农业向现代农业转变的过渡时期。在能值产出中林业能值产出较大，而种植业和渔业所占比例较小；农业生态经济负载率低，资源空间利用未达到优化配置，具有较大的发展空间。为促进湘潭市农业的可持续发展，应加强系统的能值投入和农业基础设施的建设，增大农业的科学技术研究和推广力度,优化系统 投能结构，调整农业产业结构。 关键词：能值；能值分析；农业生态环境；可持续发展；湘潭 中图分类号：F062.2 Emergy Analysis of Agro-ecosystem and Sustainable Development Assessment in Xiangtan XIONG Lin-Jin, ZHOU Zi-ying, XU Zou-hua, YANG Jun, ZHU Lin-yao (College of Resources and Environment，Hunan Agricultural University，，10128) Abstract:The input-output condition,work efficiency,and environmental load of the agro-ecosystem in the Xiangtan were systematically assessed based on the theory and method of emergy analysis from 2000 to 2008.Results showed that the renewable organic emergy dominated over the majority of emergy input in Xiangtan,the agro-ecolomic system in Zhuzhou still stayed in the period from traditional to modern agriculture,which mainly depended on man power.The majority of emergy output was foresty,while crop cultivation and fishery had a relatively low percentage.Zhuzhou had a low environment load ratio and the resources were not fully developed,thus the agro-ecosystem had alarge development space.To promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Xiangtan,we should gradually adjust the investment proportion of input and output emergy;strengthen the research and extension of agricultural science and technology in order to achieve sustainable development of the agro-economic system. Keywords: emergy analysis; emergy investment ratio; environmental loading ratio; development index ; agro-ecosystem 引 言 农业生态系统作为一个人工生态系统，与人类的社会经济领域密不可分。通过在自然界不断进行物质循环、生物循环、能量流动转换，农业活动在人类社会的持续发展过程中具有不可替代的特殊作用。随着农业生态系统的自然循环方式被人为打破，系统物质输入和输出水平不断增加、能量转化效率逐渐提高，系统的波动性、脆弱性随之扩大，系统的稳定性、抗逆性也下降[]。因此，建立合理的农业生态经济系统，对于农业资源有效利用、农业生产可持续发展以及维护良好的人类生存环境具有重要作用。 能值分析用同一客观标准，即太阳能值，