机械制造及自动化专业外文翻译--车床.docVIP

外文原文： Lathes Lathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing, and boring. Very little turning is done on other types of maching tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the workpiece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool. Engine Lathes:The engine lathe, one of the oldest metal remmoval machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarly in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered. Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator. The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been poroduced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part of production, economical tolerances should be used. Turret Lathes:Production machining equipmnt must be evaluated now, more than ever before, in terms of ability to repeat accurately now,more than ever before, in terms of ability to repeat accurateal and rapidly. Applying this criterion for establishing the production qualification of specific method, the turret lathe merits a high rating. In desingning for low quantities such as 100 or 200 parts, it is most economical to use the turret lathe. In achieving the optimum tolerances possible on the turret lathe. The designer should strive for a minimum of operations. Automatic Serew Machines:Generally, automtic screw machines fall into several categories; single-spindle automatics,mulltiple-spindle automatics production of screws and similar threded part,the automatic screw machine has long since cxceeded the confines of this narrow field, and today plays a vital role in the mass production of a variety of precision parts. The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock a