水稻生育后期地上部氨挥发量与氮肥利用效率之间.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 水稻生育后期地上部氨挥发与 氮素利用效率的研究 徐阳春， 吴小庆， 郭世伟， 沈其荣* （南京农业大学资源与环境学院，江苏南京 210095） 摘要：为探讨水稻氮素利用率与地上部氨挥发量之间的关系，采用温室盆栽土培方法，在密闭生长箱中测定不同水稻品种间和不同施氮水平下，水稻生育后期地上部氨挥发损失，计算不同水稻品种间氮肥利用率和不同施氮水平下水稻氮肥利用率。结果表明，不同水稻品种间，氨挥发量与地上部氮积累量、子粒氮积累量和氮素收获指数等指标均存在负相关；其中与地上部氮素积累量呈极显著负相关，相关系数达-0.9913，地上部氮积累量越高，地上部氨挥发量越低。在不同施氮水平下，地上部氨挥发量与氮肥施用量呈显著正相关，而氮素稻谷生产效率和氮肥农学利用率均与水稻地上部氨挥发量存在显著负相关。结果可为筛选低氨挥发量的水稻品种提供借鉴。 关键词: 水稻；氮肥利用率；氨挥发量 中图分类号: S143.1 文章标识码: A 文章编号：1008-505X（2008）02–0207–06 Nitrogen use efficiency and ammonia volatilization from rice shoot in late growth stages XU Yang-chun, WU Xiao-qing, GUO Shi-wei, SHEN Qi-rong (College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Abstract：A pot experiment was conducted to study the relationship between ammonia volatilization from rice shoots and nitrogen use efficiency. The ammonia volatilization was assessed using close chamber method. The nitrogen use efficiency of four different rice genotypes and two rice genotypes under different nitrogen levels was calculated. The results showed that there were negative relationships between ammonia volatilization and total nitrogen accumulation in rice shoot, seed nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen harvest index. A significant negative relationship was observed between total nitrogen accumulation in rice shoot and ammonia volatilization. There were also relationships between ammonia volatilization and the indices of fertilizer-N use efficiency under four different nitrogen levels, and the amount of ammonia volatilized from rice shoot increased with nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Significant negative relationships were observed between ammonia volatilization and indices of internal nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency. Key words: ammonia volatilization; fertilizer-N use efficiency; rice 据报道，我国水稻生产所消耗的氮肥已占全世界氮肥总消耗量的7%[1]。但是，水稻的氮肥利用率仅30%～35%[2]，明显低于世界平均水平[3]。过量施用氮肥，不仅资源浪费，而且造成环境污染；提高水稻的氮素利用率已到了刻不容缓的地步。通常认为，氨挥发和硝化-反硝化是