出口贸易对我国劳动收入占比的影响.docVIP

出口贸易对我国劳动收入占比的影响 —基于企业微观数据的经验分析 Firm’s Export and the Labor Share in China —— An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Industrial Firm Data 邵敏 （南开大学国际经济与贸易系，300071） Abstract：This paper examines the causal effect of export on labor share on the basis of a sample of Chinese industrial firms over the period 2000-2007. We firstly analyze the two ways of export affecting labor share deduced from the mathematical formula of labor share, then a system estimation is used to estimate such two ways. We generally find that firms’ exports would generate significantly negative effects on both wage and productivity with the absolute effects on former larger than latter, which leads to a quite significantly positive effect on their labor share. Thus, the wholesome effect of export on the labor share is at the expense of wage and productivity and is not joy. Further empirical analysis indicate that for the labor-intense industries or capital-intense industries with lower share of processing trade, the positive effects of exports on the labor share are mainly stemmed from the sizeable deleterious effect on their productivity dynamics. By contrast, for the capital-intense industries with higher share of processing trade, such positive effects are caused by the restraining effects on both wage and productivity dynamics. Keywords: export; labor share; mechanism; system estimation; processing trade JEL: F16, D33 作者简介： 邵敏： 1983年生，女，汉族。南开大学国际经济与贸易系博士研究生，研究方向为开放经济与工资差异。已在《管理世界》、《经济学（季刊）》、《统计研究》、《国际贸易问题》等期刊发表论文。电话E-Mail：shaominyaya@126.com天津市卫津路94号南开大学西区公寓8号楼C栋14层205室，300071。然而事实却是，进入21世纪以后，我国却出现了出口贸易迅速扩张而劳动收入占比逐年下降的现象。一方面，进入21世纪以后，我国出口贸易的发展赢得了历史上最快最好的发展时期，表现为出口规模的迅猛扩张和出口依存度的快速提高，其中前者主要体现为我国货物出口额在世界各国中的位次由2000年的第7位上升至2007年的第2位并保持至今，后者主要体现为我国的（货物）出口依存度由2000年的20.79%上升至2007年的35.99%。另一方面，我国劳动收入占比却逐年下降，表现为劳动者报酬在GDP中的占比由2000年的51.38%逐年下降至2007年的39.68%。那么，出口扩张与劳动收入占比下降之间是否存在因果关系？ 近两年来，我国劳动收入占比下降这一现象引起了学界的广泛关注，部分学者对该现象的原因进行了较为系统的实证研究。例如，白重恩等（2008）与白重恩和钱震杰（2009）两篇文献运用