原创力文档- 1、本文档共20页，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
- 5、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
- 6、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
- 7、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
- 8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次， 网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档
查看更多
SpeciesandSpeciation-UniversityofTorontoScarborough：物种的形成-多伦多大学斯卡伯勒.doc
Species and Speciation
BIOD62
Course Manual, 2013
Course syllabus
Course description
Speciation is one of the most basic and important processes in evolutionary biology by which new species arise. The purpose of this course is to learn about the main mechanisms behind speciation and their causes. We will first discuss the life and teachings of Charles Darwin, the father of modern evolutionary biology, and how his ideas about natural selection and the origin of species were validated in the 20th century (Modern Synthesis). As a basis for all following chapters, the course will then discuss genetic variation and different species concepts. We will then dissect different geographic speciation models, i.e. allopatric, peripatric, parapatric and sympatric speciation. Then time will be dedicated to the different mechanisms of prezygotic reproductive isolation. For example, species which are ecologically isolated typically only occur and mate in their preferred habitat, minimizing gene flow between incipient species. Temporally isolated species have different temporal mating windows, while behaviorally isolated species may meet, but one species does not recognize the sexual cues of the other species and hence the two species do not mate. The course will then discuss the range of postzygotic isolating mechanisms, such as extrinsic and intrinsic postzygotic isolation. We will learn about reinforcement, a process by which natural selection increases reproductive isolation of incipient species, typically when two populations have been separated for a long time and then come back into contact. Upon such secondary contact and with incomplete reproductive isolation, mating between such taxa might produce unfit hybrids, which drives natural selection to enhance prezygotic reproductive isolation between these incipient species. The course will then discuss the importance of drift and natural selection as the main driving forces of speciation. Speciation sometimes occurs in a ‘s
文档评论（0）