水文学的发展及其所面临的若干前沿科学问题_芮孝芳.pdfVIP

27 1 2007 2 Vol. 27 No. 1 Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resour ces Feb . 200 7 水文学的发展及其所面临的若干前沿科学问题 芮孝芳, 刘方贵, 邢贞相 ( , 210098) 通过回顾水文学的发展史, 指出客观上总是存在着两条相辅相成互相促进不断 高的水文 学发展轨迹通过归纳水文学已取得的主要学术成就, 认为物理学的渗透和本构关系的揭示是水 文学理论进步的重要条件当今水文学面临的若干困惑, 主要来自对其本构关系的研究相对薄弱, 由此凝炼出水文学的前沿科学问题主要是 非线性问题尺度转换问题空间变异性问题坡面流速 问题确定性与随机性互补问题水文时间序列长期演变规律问题/ 异参同效0 问题预测模型问 题时空探源问题和误差问题等加强或重视对这些前沿科学问题的研究, 将会有力地促进水文学 的理论和应用水平不断 高 水文学; 本构关系; 非线性; 尺度转换; 空间变异性; 确定性; 随机性; 异参同效 P33 A 1006O7647( 2007) 01O0075O05 Advances in hydrology and some frontier problems/ / RUI Xiao-f ang , LIU Fang-gu i, XING Zhen-x iang ( College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanj ing 210098, China) Abstract Based on a review of some advances in hydrology and m ain achievements from the research, it is pointed out that there are tw o development lines in the research , which supplem ent each other , and it is considered that the introdu ction of physics and the revealing of the constitutive relationship in the research provide important conditions for the development of hydrolog ical theory. At present , the research on hydrology is f acing w ith some diff iculties, mainly com ing from the relatively w eak research on the constitutive relationship. The main problems lay on the non- linearity, scale transf ormation, spatial variability, velocity of overland flow , complementation betw een determ inacy and randomness, long- term ch ange of hydrology time series, / equif inality for different p aram eters0 , prediction model, spatio- temporal origin of w ater resources, and error analysis . Paying much attention to these problems will greatly promote the developm en