美國產學合作制度利弊之檢討-台灣科學技術基本法之借鏡.docVIP

美國產學合作制度利弊之檢討－台灣科學技術基本法之借鏡 王 偉 霖 美國於一九八年十二月通過拜杜法案(the Bayh-Dole Act)。該法案通過之前，美國政府以聯邦政府預算補助學術界的研究發展成果原則上應歸屬國有，且不准對私人企業專屬授權，因此無法保障私人企業投入商品化的資金時間等能獲得回收，使得美國私人企業對學術界的研發成果一直興趣缺缺。上述情況在拜杜法案通過後獲得改善。拜杜法案一改過去聯邦政府將政府補助的學術研發成果歸屬國有的政策，除例外的情況外，允許學術機構擁有研發成果的專利權，因此，學術機構得以專屬授權的方式將其專利權再授予民間企業。 我國於民國八十九年十二月，亦仿效美國拜杜法案通過科學技術基本法。然而拜杜法案的基本立法原則，近年來在美國受到相當的批評，主要集中於該法案可能誘使學術界悖離其教學與研究的基本使命，追求商業利益而產生利益衝突。同時，將原本屬於公共知識領域的研發成果私有化，將增加其它有心人士對該研發成果作進一步研究的困難。因此，拜杜法案究竟是功、是過，我國科學技術基本法是否宜仿照其立法原則等，均為能否建立良好的產學合作制度的關鍵。筆者盼以實證研究的角度，探討拜杜法案施行以來的利弊得失，祈能為科學技術基本法的基本原則究何取捨提供借鏡。 A Study of the Cooperation between the U.S. Academia and Private Industry— Reference for Taiwans Science and Technology Basic Act By Wei-Lin Wang Abstract In 1980, the U.S. Congress passed the Bayh-Dole Act, which made a huge policy change in federal-sponsored research with regard to patent rights. The Act was designed to promote technology transfer by allowing universities to retain titles to patents resulting from federally funded research. Prior to this Act, patent rights were retained by the federal agencies themselves. After the passage of this Act, universities are allowed to receive royalties from licensing patent rights to private sectors for further development and commercialization. It is believed that this Act generates valuable effects in terms of promoting commercial development of research results. However, recently, there are criticisms claiming that this Act corrupts the university’s basic missions to educate and conduct research, and there are strong voices contesting that knowledge and research results should be freely and openly disseminated. Facing heated debates over the Bayh-Dole Act, it is time to review its policy and determine whether it serves its legislative purposes. This article analyzes concrete data and concludes that the Bayh-Dole Act does generate positive effects as legislators wish, while also presents major proposed modification to deal with the most controversial side effects of this Act: conflicts of