初级英文文法 讲义_日语学习_外语学习_教育专区.docVIP

初级Unit 1 比较 比较变化 形容词的比较级 形容词的最高级 副词的比较级、最高级 Unit 2 不定词 (to V) 不定词 Unit 3 动名词 动名词 Unit 4 分词 分词 Unit 5 形容词 形容词 Unit 6 副词 副词 Unit 7 动词 动词 Unit 1 比较 比较变化 为了表示性质、程度等差异，形容词在字形上所做的变化，称为比较。比较分为原级、比较级、最高级。 (1)规则变化 变化 级 原级 比较级 最高级 原级+er, est short shorter shortest 原级字尾有e+r, st nice nicer nicest 原级为短母音+子音→重复字尾+er, est hot hotter hottest 原级字尾为子音+y→去y+ier, iest easy easier easiest 两音节以上的形容词→more, most+原级 beautiful more beautiful most beautiful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 bad (坏的)ill (生病) worse worst good (好的)well (健康) better best many (指可数的)much (指不可数的) more most little (少的) less least far (远的) fartherfurther farthest (表距离)furthest (表程度，数量，距离) late (晚的；迟的) laterlatter latest (表时间)last (表顺序) old (老的；旧的) olderelder oldest (表年纪；新旧)eldest (表长幼) 例：l. He was happy in his later life. (2. As for French and German, the latter is more difficult for me than the former. (就法文和德文而言，我觉得后者比前者难。) 形容词的比较级 (1) 比较级… than… 例：1. Your article is longer than mine. (你的文章比我长。) 2. Mary is more beautiful than she/her. (口语) (玛丽比她漂亮。) (2) the+比较级…of the two… 例：1. Kevin is the older of the two boys. (Kevin是两位男孩中年纪较大的。) 2. Jack is the more active of the twins. (Jack是这对双胞胎中较活跃的。) (3) 修饰比较级 much, a lot, far+比较级→…得多了 even+比较级→…更加 a little+比较→…一点 例：1. He is much busier than I. ( 2. This is a little cheaper than that. (这个比那个便宜一点。) 3. The price of the blue pants is far higher than that of the green pants. (蓝裤子的价格比绿裤子的价格高得多。) 4. The weather in Kaohsiung is far hotter than that in Taipei. =The weather is far hotter in Kaohsiung than in Taipei. (高雄的天气比台北的天气更加炎热。) 注意：than以下部分可省略。 例：They live a more pleasant life than (they did) before. ( (4) 比较级…to… junior (年幼的)、senior (年长的)、major (大的)、minor (小的)等形容词，在表示比较的对象时，不用than而用to。 例：She is two years older than I me. =She is senior to me by two years. (她比我大2岁。) (5) 比较级的惯用表现 a. 比较级and比较级 越来越…… 例：The story became more and more interesting. ( b. the比较，the比较级 越……越…… 例：l. The more, the better. (越多越好。) 2. The more we get, the hap