低温起动模拟试验与欧III冷起动排放特性研究.docVIP

低温起动模拟试验与欧III冷起动排放特性的研究 马崴 肖建华 王建昕 （清华大学 汽车安全与节能国家重点试验室） [摘要]： 为使汽油车满足欧Ⅲ排放法规，必须解决-7℃条件下的催化器快速起燃和抑制排放物陡增的问题。本研究设计了试验系统和探讨了模拟方法，并尝试了在台架上模拟和测试带有三效催化器的汽油车电喷发动机的低温冷起动特性。初步模拟试验结果表明：与常温条件相比，在环境温度为-7℃时，冷起动初期的THC排放升高了19倍左右；CO和NOx的排放升高了5倍左右；采用低起燃温度催化器近距离布置，可以使两循环内的THC排放量减少约38%，CO降低约51%，NOx减低约41%；采用两级催化转化器，可使THC排放量减少约47%，CO降低约45%，NOx减低约43%。 叙词：催化转化器；冷起动；HC排放物；台架模拟； A Study on Cold-Starting Simulation Method and Emission Characteristics of a Gasoline Engine in Euro-Ⅲ Cold-Start Emission Test Wei Ma, Jianhua Xiao, Jianxin Wang Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automobile Safety and Energy [Abstract]: In order to make gasoline fueled vehicles reach the Euro-III emission regulation, the problem remained in quick ignition of catalyst and substantial increment of exhaust emissions at -7℃ ambient temperature must be solved. This study attempts to simulate and test the cold start characteristics of gasoline fueled vehicles with electric injection and three way catalyst on an engine test bench and also designed the experiment system and simulation method. The simulation experiment results showed that: compared with normal temperature, at -7℃ ambient temperature, in the first 195s of the cold start the whole emissions after catalyst increased greatly, in which THC emissions increased by nearly nineteen times, CO by more than five times and NOx by almost five times; when a catalyst with lower light-off temperature was located at a shorter distance from the engine, the THC emissions, in the first 390s of the cold start, decreased by nearly 38%, CO by more than 51%, and NOx by almost 41%; when a two stage catalyst system was used, the THC emissions decreased by nearly 47%, CO by more than 45%, and NOx by almost 43%. Keywords: catalyst cold start HC emission test bench simulation. 1 引言 我国正在考虑实施的相当于欧Ⅲ号排放标准[1]的轻型汽油车排放法规，与目前我国已经执行的GB18352-2001工况法规[2],[3]相比，取消了发动机起动后的40s怠速暖机过程，并增加了-7℃环境温度下的冷起动测试（欧Ⅲ VI型试验）。这使得轻型汽油车排放达标的难度显著增加，尤其是在-7℃低温条件下，发动机冷起动初期产生的THC排放较之常温增加了几倍甚至十几倍[4]。因此，