2013届湖南省高考英语二轮复习考点诠释课件：第21讲 《词义猜测题》（新课标）.pptVIP

A　根据下文的perform和本句的含义可知“如果他们给人们一些句子来听，那么他们就会发出同样的神经元和进行一些行为动作一样。”所以画线部分单词意为“发出”和set off近义。 Ⅳ. 根据构词法来猜测词义 英语单词的构成方法主要有3种，即复合法、派生法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前头或后头加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-(超), inter-(在……之间), -able(能……的), mini-(极少的，微型的)，micro-(极微小的), re-(再，反复), sub-(分支的，底下), co-(共同), post-(后), pre-(前), trans-(超越；转换), under-(在……之下；低于……；不足), -hood(状态；性质；时期), -ish(如……的；有点儿……的); -proof(防……的；……不能穿透的), -scope(景), -ship(身份；资格；权力；性质), -some(易于……的), -wards(向), mis-(误；恶), un-(不；非), in-(不；非), im-(不； 非), dis-(不), non- (不；非)，-less(不；无), anti-(反；防), sino-(中国)。如： He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious,_for a few minutes. 根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的), 我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。 【基础练习】 (2010·广东华南师大附中高三综合测试) Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life. The underlined word “prolong” in the paragraph means ______. A. save B. protect C. lengthen D. improve C　可根据构词法来判断词义。prolong 是个派生词，前缀pro-是“支持，亲”之意，long是“长”之意，故可判断prolong是“延长(寿命)”的意思。 Ⅴ. 判断代词的确指对象 代词that/it/they/them所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理，与前面的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。 第21讲 词义猜测题 * (2012·湖南卷A篇) … I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of _it_