非编码RNA与基因表达调控.pdfVIP

· 119 · 生命的化学, 2014, 34(1): 119-125 杨福兰, 等. 非编码RNA 与基因表达调控 doi: 10.13488/j.smhx.201401119 非编码RNA 与基因表达调控 1 2 1* 杨福兰 ，饶周舟，陈汉春 1 2 ( 中南大学生命科学学院生物化学系，长沙 410013 ； 中南大学湘雅二医院妇产科，长沙 410011) 摘要：近年来，随着对基因组的深入研究，发现真核生物中存在许多形态和功能各异的非编码RNA分 子，这类RNA分子并不表达蛋白质，但它们在基因转录水平、转录后水平及翻译水平起了重要的调控 作用。具有调控作用的RNA分子种类非常丰富，如长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA) 、 miRNA 、PIWI相互作用RNA(PIWI-interacting RNA, piRNA) 、内源性小干扰RNA(endogenous small interfering RNA, endo-siRNA) 、竞争性内源RNA(competitive endogenous RNA, ceRNA)等，它们使基因 表达过程更为丰富、严谨和有序。本文综述几类典型的非编码RNA对基因表达的调节作用，以助于理 解细胞中RNA分子调节网络的功能和机制。 关键词：非编码RNA；RNA调控；基因表达；DNA 甲基化；组蛋白修饰 RNA regulation for gene expression 1 2 1* YANG Fulan , RAO Zhouzhou , CHEN Hanchun 1 2 ( Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China) Abstract: Recent advances in eukaryotic genomic research have revealed that there are various kinds of non-coding RNAs in the cell. Although these non-coding RNAs do not express the proteins, they play key roles in the regulation of target gene expression at transcription, post-transcription and translation levels. There are various kinds of non-coding RNAs such as lncRNA, miRNA, piRNA, endo-siRNA and ceRNA with the regulatory functions which regulate gene expression in various, rigorous and organized ways. The regulating properties of these non-coding RNA molecu