2013届浙江省金华市孝顺高级中学高考英语语法专题复习：《情态动词考题的三条技巧》.docVIP

一、充分利用句子语境 综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如：(1) Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. (安徽卷)A. shall?????????????????????? B. must?????????????????? C. may?????????????????????? D. can分析：答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green. (广东卷)A. has to be?????????????? B. will be????????????????? C. mustn’t be?????????????? D. could be分析：答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。(3) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here. (湖北卷)A. shouldn’t??B. mustn’t??C. can’t???D. wouldn’t分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t(from。(4) He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free. (山东卷)A. could?? ??B. would?? ??C. must? ??D. need 分析：答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.—She _________. I’ve already borrowed one. (湖南卷)A. can’t?????? ?B. mustn’t?? ?C. needn’t??????????? ?D. shouldn’t? 分析：答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。 二、根据时间确定时态 即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式。如：(1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself. (福建卷)A. needn’t do?????B. needn’t have doneC. mustn’t do?????D. shouldn’t have done分析：答案选B。句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。(2) This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it. (辽宁卷)A. should put?????????? B. could have put?????? C. might put?????????????? D. must have put分析：答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.—Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of diffic