计算机网络 B 第12章.pdfVIP

Chapter 12 Long-Distance and Local Loop Digital Connection Technologies Content Discuss networks that overcome the size and distance limitations of LANs Focus on two fundamental building blocks: Point-to-point digital communication circuit that form the basic long-distance connection in a large network Technologies that provide high-speed digital access to individual homes and business Motivation Connect computers across Large geographic distance Public right-of-way Streets Buildings Railroads Analog signals had problems in long-distance environment electrical signals degrade as they pass over copper wires amplifiers required to boost signal each amplifier distorts the signal slightly and introduces noise Long-Distance Transmission Technologies General solution: lease transmission facilities from telephone (or network) company Point-to-point topology NOT part of conventional telephone system Copper, fiber, microwave, or satellite channels available Customer chooses analog or digital Digital telephony provides better quality service Equipment for Leased Connections Analog Circuit Modem required at each end Digital Circuit DSU / CSU required at each end Digital Circuit Technology Developed by telephone companies Designed for use in voice system Analog audio from use’s telephone converted to digital format Digital format sent across network Digital format converted back to analog audio Digital Telephony Long before computer networks became important, telephone companies were using digital communications The analog signals, used in the early telephone systems had problems when it came