探析焊接变形因素与控制.docVIP

探析焊接变形的因素与控制 摘要:在焊接过程中由于急剧的非平衡加热及冷却,结构将不可避免地产生不可忽视的焊接残余变形。焊接残余变形是影响结构设计完整性、制造工艺合理性和结构使用可靠性的关键因素。针对钢结构工程焊接技术的重点和难点,根据多年的工程实践经验,本文主要阐述实用焊接变形的影响因素及控制措施和方法。 Abstract: in the welding process because of the sharply unbalanced heating and cooling, the structure will inevitably produce welding residual deformation can not be ignored. Welding residual deformation is affecting structure design integrity, manufacturing technology rationality and structural reliability of the key factors. The key and difficult point for welding technology for the steel structure engineering, according to years of experience in engineering practice, this article mainly expounds practical influence factors and control measures and methods of the welding deformation. 　　关键词:焊接变形;影响因素;控制措施 Key words: welding deformation; Influencing factors; Control measures 　　 　　　　 　　钢材的焊接通常采用熔化焊方法,是在接头处局部加热,使被焊接材料与添加的焊接材料熔化成液体金属,形成熔池,随后冷却凝固成固态金属,使原来分开的钢材连接成整体。由于焊接加热,融合线以外的母材产生膨胀,接着冷却,熔池金属和熔合线附近母材产生收缩,因加热、冷却这种热变化在局部范围急速地进行,膨胀和收缩变形均受到拘束而产生塑性变形。这样,在焊接完成并冷却至常温后该塑性变形残留下来。 Steel weld by fusion welding methods, usually is in tapping local heat, cause the welding material and add welding material melt into liquid metal, molten pool formation, then cooling solidified into a solid metal, make originally separate steel connection into a whole. Due to welding heat, fusion line outside the expansion of parent metal, and then cooling, molten pool of metal and the parent metal near the fusion line contraction, for heating, cooling, the thermal changes in the local range rapidly, expansion and contraction deformation have been limited and produce plastic deformation. Thus, in the plastic deformation after welding and cooling to room temperature left. 　　1焊接变形的影响因素 1 the influence factors of welding deformation 　　焊接变形可以分为在焊接热过程中发生的瞬态热变形和在室温条件下的残余变形。 Welding deformation in the welding thermal process can be divided into the transient thermal distortion and residual deformation at room temperature. 　　影响焊接变形的因素很多,但归纳起来主要有材料、结构和工艺3个方面。