试论裁判规范.pdfVIP

摘要 摘要 裁判规范是法官在审理案件过程中形成的，以解决纠纷为目的的，与法官思 维息息相关，经其解释而形成的法律规范的具体形态。它关注法官裁判案件的动 态过程，是对“活动”的关注而不是静态的制度。从理论上讲,它是法官判案的 直接依据。某种程度上讲,它就是法律,一种事实上的法律。审判是法官经过将法 律规则创造性地适用于个案事实的思维活动之后再依法定形式向社会予以昭示 的过程，其关键就是创造性地适用法律规范。法律规范是裁判规范产生的前提， 裁判规范是法律规范的结果形态。裁判规范是法律规范在具体案件中的个别化， 是一种个别规范，是“具体的法律”，个案判决的直接理论依据，其形成离不开 法律解释。裁判规范的思想渊源可追溯到规则理论，我们可以从一些学者对司法 过程的关注中觅得它模糊的踪影，但主要还是哈特的主要规则和次要规则理论。 文章选取许霆恶意取款案作为一个分析文本，循着法官判案的逻辑顺序，对裁判 规范的生成机理作了直观的描述。法官在判案之前已经具备了一定的知识前见， 并根据这些知识对案件事实进行初步的解读，在此基础上到法源中寻找适合案件 的法律规范。法官通过法律解释将规范与事实结合起来，最终形成一个具体案件 的判决理由，这个理由就是裁判规范。裁判规范的生成是受众多因素影响的，内 部受法源体系的制约，外部受法官生活经历、价值观念、爱憎情感等个人因素和 参诉主体、社会价值观、社会势力、社会后果等非个人因素制约。 关键词：裁判规范，法律规范，法律发现，法律解释 I Abstract Abstract Judgment norm is developed in the course of case judgment with the purpose to resolve disputes. It is a specific form of legal norm, closely related to judges’ thinking and formed via their interpretation. It focuses on the dynamic process of judgment, the “activities”, rather than the static system. In theory, the norm functions as the gist for the judges, and it is actually law, a de facto law, to some extent. The trial is a process that the legal norms are applied to a specific case in a creative manner and then shown to society according to legal forms by the judges. The key of a trial is the creative application of legal norms. Legal norm is the premise for the formation of judgment norm, while the latter is the re sult of the former. Judgment norm is specialized legal norm in individual cases. It is individual ruling, and “specific law, which provides direct theoretical basis for case judgment. Its formation can not be separated from legal interpretation with its ideological origins