电子商务物流配送外文参考文献译文及原文.docVIP

广东工业大学 华立学院 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文参考文献译文及原文 系 部 机械电气学部 专 业 电子信息工程 年 级 2006级 班级名称 06本电子信息工程1班 学 号 3103000651 学生姓名 陈杰栋 指导教师 樊晶明 2011 年 5 月 Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors sharpened by globalization and fall of global supply is forcing companies towards optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistic are “worth” 10% to 12% of GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics has a potential of lowering costs by 10 %. On basics of these two references we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of GDP. Therefore it is not surprised that in last few years in high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group top management is favorable to Supply Chain and therefore E-logistics (Romano, 2003). There is collection of literature indicating the importance of clusters and networks not only between firms, but along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, for technology transfer, for sharing risk and costs, for allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, for building comparative advantage in the global market. Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions which