书面表达设计.pptVIP

书面表达试题的设计 Shakle Xia 提纲 写作的解读 TOEFL 2000写作评价的目标 写作试题设计的标准 写作试题设计的过程 写作试题的评分标准 写作的解读 Writing is “an act that takes place within a context, that accomplishes a particular purpose, and that is appropriately shaped for its intended audience” (Hamp-Lyons Kroll, 1997) We write mainly to communicate with other humans” (Hayes, 1996, p. 5) Language has conventionally defined writing as one of four basic, integrated language skills. Writing has been viewed alternatively as the transmittal of knowledge, the creation of knowledge, and a channel for the human imagination. TOEFL 2000写作评价的目标 The TOEFL