曼昆经济学原理课件(下)-宏观部分，北大课件Chapter_36.ppt_Five debates.pdfVIP

第三十六章 宏观经济政策的五个争论问题 Five Debates over Macroeconomic Policy 1 宏观经济政策的五个争论问题 Five Debates over Macroeconomic Policy 1. 货币和财政政策应该试图稳定经济吗？ Should monetary and fiscal policymakers try to stabilize the economy? 2. 货币政策应该按规则制定还是相机抉择？ Should monetary policy be made by rule rather than by discretion? 3. 中央银行应该把零通货膨胀作为目标吗？ Should the central bank aim for zero inflation? 2 宏观经济政策的五个争论问题 Five Debates over Macroeconomic Policy 4. 政府应该平衡其预算吗？ Should the government balance its budget? 5. 税法应该进行改革以鼓励储蓄吗？ Should the tax laws be reformed to encourage saving? 3 1. 货币与财政政策制定者应该 试图稳定经济吗？ Should Monetary and Fiscal Policymakers Try to Stabilize the Economy? 4 赞成：政策制定者应该试图稳定经济 Pro: Policymakers should try to stabilize the economy 经济具有内在的不稳定性，放任自流就会导致 经济波动。 The economy is inherently unstable, and left on its own will fluctuate. 应该制定政策来管理总需求，以抵消这一内在 的不稳定性，减少经济波动的严重程度。 Policy can manage aggregate demand in order to offset this inherent instability and reduce the severity of economic fluctuations. 5 赞成：政策制定者应该试图稳定经济 Pro: Policymakers should try to stabilize the economy 让社会在经济周期的高涨与低落中受煎熬，是 毫无道理的。 There is no reason for society to suffer through the booms and busts of the business cycle. 货币与财政政策能够稳定总需求，并因而稳定 产出与就业。 Monetary and fiscal policy can stabilize aggregate demand and, t