煤灰、煤渣在中国的利用.docVIP

Coal ash utilization in China 1. General: Coal resources and use China has the world’s third largest coal resources. According to the China Coal Industry Yearbook 1996, estimates for coal resources are 5500 billion tons, although much of these resources are probably not recoverable. China has about 11% of the world’s recoverable reserves with 115 billion tons, with 55% classified as bituminous (including anthracite), 29% as sub-bituminous and 16% lignite. Over 80% of China’s coal reserves are concentrated in the north and northwest in the country. Coal supplies 75% of China’s energy demand and 95% of China’s thermal electric power generation. The State Power Corporation (SPC) of China has predicted coal will continue to provide over 60% of the electrical power needs of China well past 2050. A reduction in coal as a percentage of power production is predicted to come from the increased use of nuclear power. However in absolute terms coal use is projected to double over the next 20 yr in terms of the fuel for power generation. Coal use in China can be delineated as: -Coal use for power generation: 39%. -Coal use for coking: 15%. -Coal use for residential: 10%. -Rail transportation: 1%. -Chemical, cement, ceramics etc.: 35%. Figure 1.Labourers filter coal out of cinder at a dump site of the Xilutian coal mine on the outskirts of Fushan, Liaoning province July 15, 2009. To generate electricity with coal is still the trend of electric industry in China in the long period. The ratio of utilization of coal ash is very low. The utilization ratio of coal ash in most areas is only about 30%, and in a few areas, such as Shanghai, it can amount to 60%. The accumulation of coal ash has reached more than 1,250 million tons by the end of 2000. These coal ash occupies a room of about 500~625 thousand mu. Every ten thousand tons coal ash requires 4~5 mu on average. The coal ash not only takes up a great deal of farmlands, but also will fly into the air with the wind and flow into th