中英文文献翻译—中国的水污染.docVIP

Water Pollution in China As industrial development grows in both the urban and rural centers of China and water treatment facilities continue to be in dearth, surface and groundwater pollution is becoming increasingly severe. In 1994, the total volume of waste water in China was 40.82 billion tons, including 24.08 billion from industrial use and 4.3 billion tons from township and village enterprises (TVEs). This figure was 2.7 percent higher than in 1993. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (the quantity of oxygen needed to oxidize pollutants into environmentally safe substances) increased by 9.4 percent, heavy metal increased by 4.7 percent, arsenic chemicals increased by 14.4 percent, cyanide increased by 2.8 percent and volatile phenols increased by 8.9 percent, while petroleum related pollutants declined 10.1 percent. Although almost 75 percent of industrial waste water received some treatment that year, 3 percentage points higher than in 1993, only 40 percent of the treated waste water met China‘s waste water effluence standards. Major River Basin Water Pollution?: Nearly every major river in China suffers from pollution. In a 1994 survey of seven of China‘s major river basins and 110 designated key sections of these rivers, only 32 percent of river water was found to meet the national standards for drinking water sources (classified as Class I and Class II). Major pollutants included ammonia oxide and toxic and organic chemicals. Currently, 24 percent of the Chinese population is said to be drinking very polluted water and 79 percent is drinking somewhat polluted water. The drinking water of nearly all cities located in a river‘s down stream also contain colon bacillus, a bacteria harmful to the human digestive system. Ground and Underground Water: Urban groundwater resources are generally polluted and are getting worse. In 1994, only 51 rivers out of 136 surveyed which pass through urban areas qualified for human use; 21 were suitable for drinking water