定性分析方法.doc

组织与连结 ——浅谈访谈资料的整理和分析 Organizing and Connecting ——How to analyze data from one-on-one interviews 北京广播学院2001级传播学研究生 黄 刚 内容摘要 近年来，定性研究方法，尤其是访谈技术在我国的应用日益普及，然而各界关注的焦点主要集中于资料收集技术的探讨，对原始资料的分析却没有引起足够的重视。 从某种意义上说，资料分析比资料收集更为重要也更为复杂。优秀的访谈只有通过优秀的分析才能将所收集的资料转换成对研究者有意义的结论，从而达到研究的目的。但是访谈资料往往因数量庞大、结构零乱而难以处理。因此，研究者需要将浩如烟海的资料“打散”、“重组”和“浓缩”，最终对资料进行意义解释。这些过程可以归结为“组织”和“连结”两部分，前者是对资料的整理过程，后者则是对资料的进一步深入分析和解释。但在实际过程中，二者是紧密相连、相互交织的。 因此，本文结合“互联网与创造力研究”的个案，对访谈资料的整理和分析进行了简单的梳理和介绍，并对某些方法提出了自己的改进意见。文章第一部分简要介绍访谈资料整理和分析的特点，第二、三部分分别论述了“组织”和“连结”的具体方法，并对不同方法进行比较。最后一部分探讨了恰当使用回溯重组方法对提高分析的效率与质量的意义。 关键词：定性研究 访谈 组织 连结 Abstract Recent years, qualitative research, especially one-on-one interviews and focus groups, is more and more popular in our country. However, in contrast to most researchers’ emphasis on the techniques of data collection, methods of analyzing qualitative data are remained silence. To some extent analyzing, without which researchers cannot get access to precise conclusions from qualitative data and realize the aims of qualitative research, is more important than data collection. However, it is always more difficult and boring to deal with voluminous, unstructured and unwieldy data gained from one-on-one interviews. So, some useful methods are introduced and improved in this article, accompanied with a case of the research on Internet and creativity in which ten specialists are interviewed and data from that are analyzed carefully. Analyzing the data from one-on-one interviews requires “breaking up”, “recomposing” and “concentrating”, which are generalized as “organizing” and “connecting”. “Organizing” is somewhat like the work of “cutting and pasting”, while “connecting” is a process of deeper analysis. Nevertheless, they are not two separate parts in reality, but are integrated closely. “Connecting” is always based on “organizing”, and the process of “organizing” also needs analysis and integration, which are more required in “connecting”. On the other hand, each step of the whole