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投资回报率 投资风险的衡量 期望收益率 标准差 风险价值 投资组合的风险 ●Investment Return The rate of return on an investment can be calculated as follows: (Amount received – Amount invested) Return = __________________________________ Amount invested sweee For example, if $1,000 is invested and $1,100 is returned after one year, the rate of return for this investment is: ($1,100 - $1,000) / $1,000 = 10%. ●Investment Risk 投资风险 Definition 定义 Two types of investment risk:Stand-alone risk;Portfolio risk Investment risk is related to the probability of earning a low or negative actual return. The