第00章 引论.ppt

ERP 原理与应用 目录结构 导引篇 原理篇 选型篇 导引篇 ERP在中国，风风雨雨20年。 入世的冲击，信息化的浪潮，使ERP倍受关注。 当ERP迎面走来的时候，我们头脑中会有各种各样的疑问…… 就从这里说起吧 MRP、MRPII 和 ERP MRP --- Material Requirements Planning MRPII --- Manufacturing Resource Planning 1977 Oliver Wight: Modern Material Handling Material Management in focus 1985 MRPII Report 1989 JIT/MRPII Report ERP --- Enterprise Resource Planning 制造企业中常见的问题 如何满足多变的市场需求？ 如何准确及时地作出客户承诺？ 如何处理紧急的客户订单？ 如何保持均衡的生产计划和活动？ 如何避免物料短缺？ 如何避免库存积压？ 如何准确及时地了解生产情况？ 如何管理供应商？ 如何提高产品质量？ 如何降低产品成本？ 如何及时地作好财务分析？ 如何真正地发挥财务管理的计划、控制和分析的作用？ 如何使企业能够以统一的观点和共同的语言来处理问题？ MRP 能够做什么 MRP是一种模拟技术： 根据主生产计划、物料清单和库存余额，对每种物料进行计算，指出何时将会发生物料短缺，并给出建议，以最小库存量来满足需求且避免物料短缺。 MRP、MRPII 和 ERP不是来自于理论家的灵感迸发。 The Experience Tells Us The experience of implementing and operating effective systems demonstrates that the fundamentals of planning, scheduling, and coordinating all the different functions within a manufacturing business are the same from company to company. Standard Logic Exists The experience confirms that a standard logic exists for planning, scheduling, controlling, and coordinating manufacturing activities. The Standard Logic of Manufacturing --- Gradually, people find the Universal Manufacturing Equation. Universal Manufacturing Equation This standard logic is a simulation of the universal manufacturing equation: What are we going to make? What does it take to make it? What do we have? What do we have to get? 制造业基本方程 ----MRP概念公式 A*B-C=D A=主生产计划=要生产什么？ B=物料清单=用什么生产？ C=库存记录=有什么？ D=物料需求计划=还应得到什么？ The Purpose of an MRPII System An MRPII system has only one purpose : to accurately simulate the realities of a manufacturing environment. SIMULATION An MRPII system is a simulation of the logistics of a manufacturing company; it must faithfully simulate what actually happened on the factory floor, in purchasing, in distribution, and in the stockroom, or it will not