燃烧系统论文：火电厂锅炉燃烧优化方法分析与研究.docVIP

燃烧系统论文：火电厂锅炉燃烧优化方法分析与研究 【中文摘要】目前我国仍以火电为主,火电在电力装机比重分别高达70%多,发电量比重分别高达80%多,火电厂耗煤占全国煤炭消耗量的50%以上,这就直接导致火电企业排放二氧化硫占全国排放量45%,排放的二氧化碳占全国碳排放量的40%。因此,火电企业,在低碳经济发展中面临着严峻的节能减排压力。锅炉燃烧过程,是一个极其复杂的物理化学反应过程。在火力发电厂的运行中,由于电网负荷、燃料成分含量等各种实际因素的影响,所以锅炉和机组的实际运行状态在不断的进行调整。在确保锅炉蒸汽的品质、产量和安全运行的同时,实现锅炉的经济运行,就必须要对锅炉的送煤、给水、给风等运行参数进行实时的优化调整和控制。目前国内一些电厂所采用的调节控制大多无法根据锅炉燃烧的特点达到最佳的运行工况。而且随着机组负荷变化,运行效率变化也非常大,很难保持机组运行在最佳运行状态。随机组长期运行,如果还是按原来运行控制基准,运行人员也会表现出不适应机组变化。基于种情况,锅炉的燃烧优化控制系统备受研究人员的关注。而火力发电厂要实现节能降耗,减少污染排放,加强锅炉燃烧侧的优化控制则是最行之有效的方法之一。本文研究了锅炉燃烧优化系统的两项关键技术:模型预测技术和最优搜索技术。并且参照一些国外的先进锅炉燃烧优化系统,讨论实时闭环控制的锅炉燃烧优化系统的软件结构及其技术特点。 【英文摘要】At present,China is still dominated by thermal power.,and is about 75% of the total of Generation. But thermal power consumption accounts for more than 50% of national coal consumption . Led to emissions of sulfur dioxide is about 45% of the country抯 total. While the emissions of carbon dioxide accounts for about 40% of the total. Therefore, thermal powers are facing greater pressure of energy saving in the low-carbon economy.Combustion process is a very complex physical and chemical reactions. The actual state of the boiler and crew is in the constant adjustment because of the change of grid load and so on when power plant is in operation. Therefore, to ensure that the steam quality, production and safe operation, and achieve the boilers and other equipment in the economic operation at the same time, we must optimize and adjust the operating parameters of the boiler which is in operation.Currently used by the regulation control are often not fully control for the characteristics of boiler operating the best conditions. Moreover, with the unit load changing , the change in efficiency operating is also very large, which can not keep unit operating in the best running curve. Over time, the original operational control basis will change ,and the experience of operating personnel will not meet the unit changes. In this case, optimization control system of the boiler combustion has been