数据与计算机通信答案.docVIP

6.1 a. Each character has 25% overhead. For 10,000 characters, there are 20,000 extra bits. This would take an extra 20,000/2400 = 8.33 seconds. b. The file takes 10 frames or 480 additional bits. The transmission time for the additional bits is 480/2400 = 0.2 seconds. c. Ten times as many extra bits and ten times as long for both. d. The number of overhead bits would be the same, and the time would be decreased by a factor of 4 = 9600/2400. 6.2 For each case, compute the fraction g of transmitted bits that are data bits. Then the maximum effective data rate R is: R = gx, where x is the data rate on the line. a. There are 7 data bits, 1 start bit, 1.5 stop bits, and 1 parity bit g = 7/(1 + 7 + 1 + 1.5) = 7/10.5 = 0.67 R = 0.67 x b. Each frame contains 48 control bits + 128 information bits = 176 bits. The number of characters is 128/8 = 16, and the number of data bits is 16 u 7 = 112. R = (112/176)B = 0.64x c. Each frame contains 48 + 1024 = 1072 bits. The number of characters is 1024/8 = 128, and the number of data bits is 128 u 7 = 896. R = (896/1072)B = 0.84x 6.14 a. Divide X10 + X7 + X4 + X3 + X + 1 by X4 + X + 1. The remainder is X3 + X2. The CRC bits are 1100. The string 100100110111100 is sent. b. The string 000110110111100 is received, corresponding to X11 + X10 + X8 + X7 + X5 + X4 + X3 + X2. The remainder after division by X4 + X + 1 is X3 + X2 + X , which is nonzero. The errors are detected. c. The string 000010110111100 is received, corresponding to X10 + X8 + X7 + X5 + X4 + X3 + X2. The remainder after division by X4 + X + 1 is zero. The errors are not detected. 6.15a. The multiplication of M(X) by X16 corresponds to shifting M(X) 16 places and thus providing the space for a 16-bit FCS. The addition of XkL(X) to X16M(X) inverts the first 16 bits of G(X) (ones complements). The addition of L(X) to R(X) inverts all of the bits of R(X). b. The HDLC standard provides the following explanation. The addition of XKL(X) corresponds to a value of all ones.