chapter+3实验室的工具：研究微生物的方法.pptVIP

Tools of the Laboratory（实验） Main Themes Methods of Culturing（培养） Microorganisms（微生物） The Microscope（显微镜） Over the past 30 years,nearly 20 new infectious（传染性的） agents（介质） have appeared suddenly and unexpectedly（意外的）. Chapter Overview A driving force of microbiology has been to find ways to visualize（显现） and handle（处置 ）microorganisms; Microbes are managed and characterized （概括特征）by implementing the Five I,S; The microscope is a powerful tool for magnifying（放大） and resolving cells and their parts; Methods of Culturing Microorganisms Problems: Most habitats（栖息地） harbor（居住） microbes in complex（复杂的） associations ,so it is often necessary to separate the species from one another; To maintain and keep track of （了解）such small reserarch subjects,mircrobiologists（微生物学家） usually have to grow them under artificial conditions; They are invisible and widely distributes（分布广泛）,and undesirable（意外的） ones can be introduced into an experiment and cause misleading results. If you want to study a specified（特定地） microorganism ,you should do experiments step by setp -------according to the Five I,S. INOCULATION:PRODUCING A CULTURE To cultivate（培养） microorganisms ,one introduces（引入） a tiny sample into a container（容器） of nutrient（营养物） medium,which provides an environment in which they multiply（繁殖）.This process is called inoculation(接种). ISOLATION:SEPARATE ONE SPECIES FROM ANOTHER If an individual bacterial cell is separated from other cells and provided adequate（充足的） space on a nutrient surface,it will grow into a discrete（分立的） mound（堆积物） of cells called a colony(菌落). Methods for isolating bacteria The spreading tool MEDIA:PROVIDING NUTRIENTS IN THE LABORATORY Types of Media Physical form Chemical composition（组成） Functional type(table 3.1) Physical States of Media Liquid media are defined as water-based that do not solidify（固化） at temperatures above freezing and that tend to flow freely when the container is tilted（倾斜）. Sample liquid media Semilolid media They contain some an amo