第四章微生物新陈代谢.ppt

Chapter 4 Microbial of metabolism(新陈代谢) 4.1 The overview of metabolism （概述） 4.1.1 what is metabolism（定义） Metabolism: is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the living cells, the flow of energy and the participation of enzymes make metabolism passible. 4.1.2 the overview of metabolism 1.Two parts: (1). Catabolism（分解代谢）: larger and more complex molecules are broken down into smaller, simple molecules with the release of energy and reducing power. (2). Anabolism（合成代谢）: is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple ones with the input of energy. 3.Characteristics Oneness Diversity Particularity 4.Energy is the core problem of metabolism Primary energy sources Radiant energy and chemical substances Universal energy source ATP 因此研究新陈代谢就是研究如何将最初能源转换成对一切生命活动都能利用的通用能源。 4.2 Biological oxidation and energy production of heterotrophs Biological oxidation（生物氧化） Definite:发生在活细胞内一系列产能性氧化反应的总称； Styles:与氧结合，脱氢和失去电子三种； Process:脱氢、递氢和受氢； Functions:产能（ATP）、产还原力（[H]）、产小分子中间代谢物 Sorts: 呼吸、无氧呼吸和发酵 以葡萄糖作为生物氧化的典型底物。在生物氧化的脱氢阶段中，可通过四条途径来完成其脱氢反应，并伴随还原力和能量的产生，下面就分别介绍它的四条脱氢途径： 4.2.1 EMP pathway（p80, E2） Glucose ①↓ Hexokinase Glucose 6-phosphate ②↓ Phosphoglucolsomerase Fructose 6-phosphate ③↓Phosphofructokinase Fructose 1,6-bisphosphat ④Aldolase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate⑤ ⑤ dihydroxyacetone phosphate ⑥ ↓↑ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate ⑦↓↑ Phosphoglycerate kinase 3-phosphoglycerate ⑧↓↑phosphoglycerate mutase 2-phosphoglycerate ⑨↓↑ enolase Phosphoenolpyruvate ⑩↓↑ pyruvate kinase pyruvate ①↓ 己糖激酶 ②↓↑ 磷酸葡萄糖异构酶