界面Chapter1.pptVIP

User-Centered Design and Testing Chapter 1 Introduction to Usability Contents 1.1 Introduction to GUI 1.2 Why the User Interface is Important? 1.3 Basic Concepts of Usability（可用性） 1.1 Introduction to GUI User interface User interface GUI（Graphical User Interface) A type of user interface The actions are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements . GUI Xerox（1973）---Xerox Alto GUI---Apple Apple（1983）---Lisa/Macintosh GUI---Microsoft Microsoft Windows 1.0 （1983） Windows 2.0(1987) Windows 3.0(1990) Windows95(1995)（Windows 98，Windows Me，Windows 2000) Windows XP(2001) Windows Vista(2006) Windows 7(2009) Windows 1.0 Windows 2.0 Windows 3.0 Windows 3.1 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me Windows 2000(NT) Windows XP Vista—Windows Aero Authentic （真实） Energetic （动感） Reflective （具有反射性） Open Approachable （开阔） Windows 7---PDC 2008 Mobile OS Surface Programmers fear of UI programming User-Centered Design 1.2 Why the User Interface is Important? User Interface Hall of Shame The Example: Redesigned The User Interface Is Important User interface strongly affects perception（感觉） of software Usable software sells better Unusable web sites are abandoned The Cost of Getting It Wrong User’s time isn’t getting cheaper Design it correctly now, or pay for it later Disasters happen Therac-25 radiation therapy machine（1985-1986） Aegis radar system in USS Vincennes（1988） User Interfaces Are Hard to Design You are not the user Most software engineering is about communicating with other programmers UI is about communicating with users The user is always right Consistent problems are the system’s fault … but the user is not always right Users aren’t designers User Interfaces are Hard to Build User interface takes a lot of software development effort UI accounts for ~50% of: Design time Implementation time Maintenance time Code size 1.3 Basic Concepts of Usability Usability Defined Usability: how well users can use the system’s functionality Dimensions of usability L