环境工程研究生双语.ppt

Environmental Policy in the U.S. 美国的环境政策 环境科学与工程 龚鹏飞 * Outline 1 Introduction导言 4 U.S.-China Cooperation on Environmental Protection中美环保方面的合作 3 Problems and why 出现的问题和原因分析 2 Development of Environmental Policy in U.S.环境政策在美国的发展 5 Conclusion 结语 * 1 Introduction导言 * The world is not only hungry，but also thirsty for water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% -- the fresh water that comes from rivers，lakes，underground. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs . Even worse, some of it has been polluted. Garbage The environment is innocent !!!!!!!!!!!! * By the late 1980s, the public’s sense of environment protection grew out of nothing, the Federal Government went from shouldering no responsibility to playing more and more active part in the environment protection. 到20世纪80年代后期，??市民的环保意识从无到有，联邦政府承担责任，在保护环境中发挥更多和更积极地参与。 2 Development of Environmental Policy in U.S. * 1970’s First Earth Day - April 22, 1970. Much environmental legislation passed. Immediate, obvious problems were relatively easy to address. * 1980’s Reagan Administration里根执政 Resurgence in awareness by late 80’s 八十年代末期思想觉悟复苏 1990’s Environmental issues become major Presidential campaign topic.环境方面的议题成为了总统竞选的主要话题 Decline in membership of major environmental organizations, but increase in grassroots organizations.主流环保组织的成员减少，但是基层组织增多 * Through legislation ，congress regulates，behavior，selects agencies to implement new programs ,and sets general procedural guidelines . The environment protection policy in the U.S.A. has been on a new development stage since 1980s, but suffered repeated setbacks. 3 Problems * The Command-and-Control pattern that the Federal government adopted(联邦政府发挥主导作用的“命令—控制模式”) Separated powers, checks balances权力机构不集中相互制衡 Incrementalism环境保守主义观 Problems Why? As far as I know * It not only led to a low ratio between cost and effect of the environmental protection management system, but also interfered the management of enterprises, maki