Lecture1_Introduction 云计算介绍.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Developer Monitoring Application Server Provisioning Manager User Open Source Linux with Xen Tivoli Monitoring Agent …… IBM Blue Cloud Cost Considerations : Power, Cooling, Physical Plant, and Operational Costs Cost technology costs cost of security etc. Benefits availability opportunity consolidation etc. Cost Breakdown + Storage ($/MByte/year) + Computing ($/CPU Cycles) + Networking ($/bit) Research Challenges Service availability S3 outage: authentication service overload leading to unavailability AppEngine partial outage programming error Gmail: site unavailable Solutions: The management of a Cloud Computing service by a single company results in a single point of failure (SPF). In the Internet, a large ISP uses multiple network providers so that failure by a single company will not take them off the air. Similarly, we need multiple Cloud Computing providers to support each other to eliminate SPF. Research Challenges Data Security Current cloud offerings are essentially public rather than private networks, exposing the system to more attacks such as DDoS attacks. Solutions: There are many well understood technologies such as encrypted storage, virtual local area networks, and network middle boxes. Research Challenges Data Transfer Bottlenecks Applications continue to become more data-intensive. If we assume applications may be “pulled apart” across the boundaries of clouds, this may complicate data placement and transport. Both WAN bandwidth and intra-cloud networking technology are performance bottleneck. Industrial solutions: It is estimated that 2/3 of the cost of WAN bandwidth is consumed by high-end routers, whereas only 1/3 charged by fiber industry. We can lower the cost by using simpler routers built from commodity components with centralized control, but research is heading towards using high-end distributed routers . Research Challenges Software Licensing Current software licenses commonly restrict the compu