环境纠纷非诉讼解决机制(ADR)探究——以美国环境纠纷ADR为视角毕业论文.docVIP

山东科技大学硕士学位论文  摘  要  ABSTRACT  随着我国人民生活水平和环保意识的提高，环境问题已经成为广大民众所关心的热 点问题，随之越来越多的环境纠纷诉至法院，有限的司法资源已难以承受案件之重，因 而环境纠纷的处理就成了一个紧迫的实践和理论问题。然而，我国的环境纠纷解决机制 还不成熟，在诉讼方面困境较多，诸如环境立法缺失、查明环境纠纷的原因困难、举证 责任困难、诉讼迟延等问题。此外，更为重要的是我国未形成符合环境纠纷特点并与诉 讼制度紧密衔接的环境纠纷非诉讼解决机制。 美国是最早的将 ADR 机制成功运用到环境纠纷中的国家“斯诺卡尔米河流”和“风 暴国王山脉和哈得孙河”案例是 ADR 机制在环境纠纷中成功运用的典型，这些成功案 例的运用表明美国已经在实践中形成了比较完善的环境纠纷 ADR 解决机制，其成功的 经验和其中的一些不足对于急需完善环境纠纷非诉讼解决机制的我国而言是值得可借鉴 之处的。鉴于此，笔者从 ADR 机制的理论分析入手，介绍了美国环境纠纷 ADR 机制的 主要模式，对美国成功运用 ADR 解决环境纠纷的原因进行了分析并指明了美国环境纠 纷 ADR 模式的优势所在。最后笔者阐述了我国环境纠纷 ADR 机制的现状，阐明了在结 合我国国情的基础上，借鉴美国的成功之处，提出了从加强解决环境纠纷立法、建立环 境纠纷仲裁机构、充分发挥民间环保团体在环境纠纷中的作用、明确 ADR 的法律效力 等方面完善我国的环境纠纷 ADR 机制，最终有利于实现我国环境纠纷非诉讼解决机制 与诉讼解决方式的衔接。  关键词：环境纠纷  ADR  环境仲裁  行政调解 山东科技大学硕士学位论文  ABSTRACT ABSTRACT With the improvement of people’s living standard and the environmental awareness, environmental problems have become a hot issue that people concerned. As more and more environmental disputes face to the courts limited judicial resources hardly to bear hot cases .So environmental disputes resolution has become an urgent practical and theoretical question. However, in our country, the mechanism of environmental disputes resolution is not mature, and there are many difficulties in the lawsuit, For example, the lack of the environment legislates, the reason for finding out the environmental dispute is difficult, the burden of proof is difficult, the lawsuit is delayed and so on. The more important thing is that our country has not formed the environmental non-lawsuit solution mechanism that conforms to the environment dispute characteristic and closes with the lawsuit system The USA is the first country which succeeds in applying ADR mechanism to the environmental dispute. The case of the Snoqualmie River Storm King Mountain and the Hudson River is the successful model that the ADR mechanism used in the environmental dispute. The application of these successful cases show a quite perfect environmental dispute ADR pattern has been formed in practi