火电厂过热蒸汽温度控制系统设计.docVIP

摘 要 火电厂锅炉过热汽温控制系统是火电厂热工控制的主要组成部分，过热器的主要任务是保证锅炉所产生的蒸汽维持在一定温度范围之内，同时在锅炉允许的负荷波动变化范围内以及工况变化时保持过热蒸汽温度正常，其波动保持在规定范围以内。 对于过热蒸汽温度的控制通常采用传统的控制,如串级控制和导前微分控制，这两种控制方法对于具有非线性、大滞后、大惯性和不确定性的汽温对象，都能得到令人满意的控制效果。 本文设计了火力发电厂单元机组的过热汽温的控制系统。通过介绍过热器的工作原理和结构特点，然后分析影响过热汽温的各种因素，最后分别应用串级控制和导前微分控制算法对过热汽温进行了控制研究，整定了控制器参数，并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明：这两种算法都能够使系统快速响应并使较快的达到稳定，超调量比较小，所以都是可行的设计方案。 关键词：过热汽温；串级控制；导前微分控制 Abstract Superheated Steam Boiler temperature control system is the main component of the thermal power plant control system, the main task of super heater is to guarantee the boiler steam generated with a certain temperature within limits, at the same time, make sure the volatility of superheated steam temperature within the specified scope when the boiler load fluctuations and changes happen within the scope of changes in working conditions. Conventional PID control mode such as Cascade Control and Guidance Differential Control can both get satisfactory control effect in facing with distributed parameter characteristics, non-linear, lag, high inertia and uncertainty steam temperature targets. The present paper designed a thermal power plant unit of superheated steam temperature control system. First of all, the paper introduced the working principle and structures as well as characteristics of the super heater, and then analyzed the cause which has influence on the supper heated steam. At last, applied cascade control and the Guidance Differential control system to study the supper heated steam separately and made a simulation as well. The SIMULINK result shows that: the two control system can response quickly, achieve stable quickly and has relatively smaller overshoot capacity, overall they are viable design option. Keywords: Boiler temperature ; Cascade control ; Guidance differential control 内蒙古工业大学本科毕业设计说明书 2