科普知识学英语 大地震会引发全球余震带的活动.docVIP

In the global aftershock zone that followed the major April 2012 Indian Ocean earthquake, seismologists noticed an unusual pattern. The magnitude (M) 8.6 earthquake, a strike-slip event at intraoceanic tectonic plates, caused global seismic rates of M≥4.5 to rise for several days, even at distances thousands of kilometers from the mainshock site. However, the rate of M≥6.5 seismic activity subsequently dropped to zero for the next 95 days. This period of quiet, without a large quake, has been a rare event in the past century. So why did this period of quiet occur? ? In his research presentation, Fred Pollitz of the U.S. Geological Survey suggests that the Indian Ocean earthquake caused short-term dynamic stressing of a global faulting system. Across the planet, there are faults that are close to failure and ready to?rupture（破裂）. It may be, suggests Pollitz and his colleagues, that a large quake encourages short-term triggering of these close-to-failure faults but also relieves some of the stress that has built up along these faults. Large magnitude events would not occur until tectonic movement loads stress back on to the faults at the ready-to-fail levels they reached before the mainshock. ? Using a statistical model of global?seismicity（地震活动）, Pollitz and his colleagues show that a?transient（短暂的）?seismic?perturbation（摄动，不安）?of the size of the April 2012 global aftershock would inhibit rupture in 88 percent of their possible M≥6.5 earthquake fault sources over the next 95 days, regardless of how close they were to failure beforehand. 在全球之后的2012年4月主要印度洋地震的余震区，地震学家发现一个不寻常的图案。震级（M）8.6级地震，在洋内构造板块走滑事件，引起全球M≥4.5地震率上升了好几天，甚至在距离数千公里，从主震现场。然而，随后的M≥6.5地震活动率下降到零，在未来95天。这种平静期，没有大的地震，在过去的一个世纪中一直是一个罕见的事件。那么，为什么发生这种平静期？ ? 在他的研究简报中，美国地质调查局的弗雷德Pollitz表明，印度洋地震造成的短期动态，强调一个全球性的断层系统。在这颗行星上，有故障是“失败”，并准备破裂（破裂）。它可能是，建议Pollitz和他的同事们，这一次大地震鼓励短期触发这些贴近故障的故障，但也减轻一些已建立了沿这些断层的应力。不会发生大震级地震事件，，直到构造运动负荷强调现成的失败达到震前水平故障。 ? 利用全球地震活动的统计模型（地震活动），Pollitz和他的同事表明，一个短暂的（短暂的）地震扰动（摄动不安）?2012年4月全球余震的大小，会抑制