GMAT考试OG阅读点评一至五.pdfVIP

OG 1~5 OG 1~5 OOGG阅读点评11~~55 第 1 页 共 17 页 hhttttpp::////wwwwww..sshhaarreewwiitthhuu..ccoomm OG12 1~5 OG12 1~5 OOGG1122阅读点评11~~55 提示：文中题目前面的背景色，对应该题目在文章中涉及的内容。其中背景色中的红色字体 为解题关键字。题目中的蓝色背景色为解析题目的重点词语。绿色背景为选项中辨析的关键 字 PASSAGE1 PASSAGE1 PPAASSSSAAGGEE11 Caffeine, the stimulant incoffee,has been called “the most widely usedpsychoactive substance on Earth.” Synder, Daly and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affects behavior bycounteringthe activity in (5) (5) ((55))the human brain of a naturally occurringchemical called adenosine. Adenosine normally depresses neuron firing inmany areas of the brain. It apparently does this by 腺苷受体通过结合特定神经元膜 inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals 抑制神经元射击，从而抑制神经 that carrynerve impulses from one neuron tothe next. 传递物的释放 (10) (10) ((1100))Like many other agents that affect neuron firing, adenosine must first bind tospecific receptors on neuronal membranes. There are at least two classes of these receptors, which have been designated A1 and A2. Snyder et al propose that caffeine, which is struc- 说明咖啡因和腺苷之间的结 (15) (15) ((1155))turally similar toadenosine, is able tobind tobothtypes 构关系是原因之一。 of receptors, which prevents adenosine from attaching there and allows the neurons tofire more readily than theyotherwise would. For many years, caffeine’seffects have beenattri- (20) (20) ((2200))buted toits inhibition of the production ofphosphodi- esterase, an enzyme that breaks downthe chemical 说明了phosphodiesterase的作用 Esterase called cyclic AMP.A number of neurotransmitters exert their effects byfirst increas