HYZ-OS-2013-磁盘设备管理.ppt

补充内容：磁盘I/O全过程剖析 用户进程 数据区 用户空间 缓冲区队列 磁盘高速缓冲 磁盘盘块组 外存空间 I/O请求者进程（上） 磁盘设备驱动进程（上） 通道程序 中断处理 磁盘设备驱动进程（下） I/O请求者进程（下） 作业题 5.7 计算读一随机位置的扇区的磁盘访问时间。假设平均寻址时间3ms，转速5400RPM, 扇区大小512B，每个磁道50个扇区。 5.8 计算用SSTF,SCAN,CSACN磁盘调度次序。假设进程请求的磁道号依次为2, 1, 3, 6, 2, 5；当前磁头位置2道。 * Winchester disk drives developed by IBM: 1973 first drive Uses “sealed” assembly with heads floating on air bearings – Bernoulli effect Here is a primitive picture showing you how a disk drive can have multiple platters. Each surface on the platter are divided into tracks and each track is further divided into sectors. A sector is the smallest unit that can be read or written. By simple geometry you know the outer track have more area and you would thing the outer tack will have more sectors. This, however, is not the case in traditional disk design where all tracks have the same number of sectors. Well, you will say, this is dumb but dumb is the reason they do it . By keeping the number of sectors the same, the disk controller hardware and software can be dumb and does not have to know which track has how many sectors. With more intelligent disk controller hardware and software, it is getting more popular to record more sectors on the outer tracks. This is referred to as constant bit density. +2 = 32 min. (Y:12) To read write information into a sector, a movable arm containing a read/write head is located over each surface. The term cylinder is used to refer to all the tracks under the read/write head at a given point on all surfaces. To access data, the operating system must direct the disk through a 3-stage process. (a) The first step is to position the arm over the proper track. This is the seek operation and the time to complete this operation is called the seek time. (b) Once the head has reached the correct track, we must wait for the desired sector to rotate under the read/write head. This is referred to as the rotational latency. (c) Finally, once the desired sector is under the read/write he