句子成分分析给学生的.docVIP

句子成分分析 不是通过死记来确定一个单词的词性,大体上有以下三种途径: 其一, 从词类概念的本身出发去分析单词的词性(见第二节) 举个简单的例子,cake 这个词,中文意思：蛋糕，是一种食品的名称，ok 了,不用再去背 cake 名词 cake 名词。这一方法的运用需要你把对单词中文意思的了解和对十大词类概念的理解两者结合起来才能运用自, 如果你连单词词义都不知,那偶就没办法了。 其二,从单词的构词法入手来判断词性,构词法即构成单词的方法,其中一种是派生法,是通过加前后缀来构成单词的,英语中相当一部分单词是通过这种方法构成的,,一般来说,前缀是表明单词的词义,后缀表明单词的词性(词类), 因此, 从后缀我们大致可以判断出单词的词性.例如一般来讲加ly的形容词都是副词:quickly badly really completely 等等。 其三, 从句子成分来分析. 实际上.学习词类和确定词类是为了分析句子成分,反过来,当我们学会句子分析后,我们还可以确定单词的词性(对一词多种词性的单词非常有用), 就是说可以逆推, 如:He works in that factory 这句话中work 很显然是动词. 练习 一 一） 根据对词类的概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类： 1 deep 2 finger 3 fly 4 papers 5 pass 6 refuse 7 size 8 spoon 9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep 17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but 33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 at 40 with 41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for 49 say 50 quickly 51 if 二）. 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 1 scientist 2 singer 3 conversation 4 beautiful 5 loudly 6 famous 7 government 8 dangerous 9 instruction 10 careful 11 lively 12 safeties 13 national 14 traditional 15 illnesses 16 wonderful 17 competitions 18 information 19 successful 20 natural 21 illnesses 22 lovely 23 really 24 friendly 25 usually 26 yearly 27 advertisement 友情提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很 普遍的现象, 这里的词性是指常见的词性 2.本题中加ly并不都是副词，小心为好！ 三）. 判断下列句子中单词的词性。 1、Mary dances well. 2 His father is reading. 3 Tom is looking for his watch. 4 He often plays violin after school. 5 Mr. Green works in a university. 6 The teacher taught us an English song. 7 I have bought this pen for two years. 8 Nothing can live without water. 9 You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 10 You can’t agree with me . 主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只