胡壮麟语言学第四章课件（名牌大学教授整理）.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Form Word to Text 4.4 category (范畴) parts of speech and functions, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, etc. Syntax * Chapter 4 Form Word to Text 4.4 category (范畴) For instance: parts of speech – noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, etc. noun (pronoun) – number, gender, case verb – tense, aspect, voice, mood between the forms of the noun, verb, adjective, etc. – concord, government Syntax * Chapter 4 Form Word to Text 4.4 category (范畴) 4.1.1 Number, gender and case two terms of number: singular and plural uncountable noun singular – He speaks Italy. countable (verbal inflection) plural – books, men, mice, data, sheep, potatoes, they, etc. Syntax * Chapter 4 Form Word to Text 4.4 category (范畴) 4.1.1 Number, gender and case two terms of gender: male and female actor, hero, prince, lion, god, man, policeman, men workers, male elephant, he-goat, etc. actress, heroine, princess, lioness, goddess, woman, policewoman, woman worker, female elephant, she-goat, etc. Syntax * Chapter 4 Form Word to Text 4.4 category (范畴) 4.1.1 Number, gender and case five terms of case: nominative (主格), accusative (宾格), genitive (属格), dative (与格) and ablative (离格) I, she (nominative); me, her (accusative); my, your, his, John’s, boy’s (genitive) You (nominative) lent a book (accusative) to me (dative) and the book (nominative) was lost, so I gave you (accusative) a pen in return. You wrote a letter with the pen (ablative). Syntax * Chapter 4 Form Word to Text 4.4 category (范畴) 4.1.2 Tense and aspect two important categories of the verb English Tenses Aspects Syntax * Aspect Finiteness Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present make(s) have/has made is/am/are making have/has been making Past made had made was/were making had been