局部解剖学颈部课件.pptVIP

局部解剖学 郑州大学医学院 解剖教研室 邱 实 Parts and regions of the neck Boundaries Superior－inferior border of mandible, angle of mandible, tip of mastoid process, superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance Inferior－jugular notch, sternoclavicular joint, superior border of clavicle, acromion, spinous processes of C7 Landmarks Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Catotid tubercle Sternocleidomastoid Suprasternal fossa Greater supraclaviclar fossa Regions Neck 颈 Anterior region of neck Lateral region of neck Sternocleidomastoid region Nape 项部 Anterior region of neck Suprahyoid region 舌骨上区 Submental triangle 颏下三角 Submandibular triangle 下颌下三角 Infrahyoid region 舌骨下区 Carotid triangle 颈动脉三角 Muscular triangle 肌三角 Lateral region of neck Occipital triangle 枕三角 supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角 (greatsupraclavicular fossa) 锁骨上大窝 Skin The natural line of cleavage of the skin are constant and run almost horizontally around the neck The muscles of neck Superficial group Platysma 颈阔肌，a thin sheet-like muscle of facial expression Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌 Superficial fascia Consists of fat and connective tissue Contents Platysma Superficial veins Anterior jugular v. External jugular v. Cutaneous nerves Lesser occipital n. Greet auricular n. Transverse nerve of neck Supraclavicular n. Cervical branch of facial n. Cervical fascia 颈筋膜－three layers Superficial layer (investing fascia 封套筋膜) Encloses trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric and parotid and submandibular glands Attached to bony landmarks of upper and lower boundaries of neck and zygomatic arch of face Prevertebral layer 气管前层 Encloses viscera of neck: pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland and parathyroid glands Completely surrounds thyroid gland, forming a sheet for it, and bind the gland to larynx Extends from hyoid bone to fibrous pericardium of superior mediastinum Prevertebral layer 椎前层 Lies anterior to b