2009060_蔡艳蓉_竹原纤维的细化方法及其性能研究--终稿.doc

摘 要 我国竹类资源丰富，竹子的生长对环境的要求比较低并且生长过程中不被污染，由竹材中直接提取的竹原纤维，具有良好的生态性、吸湿透气性、抗菌抑菌性等，越来越多的专家对其进行了深入的研究。目前，竹原纤维的制取与细化工艺虽然已有了长足的进展，但与其他天然纤维相比，其可纺性有待于进一步地提高。 用于制取竹原纤维的竹材种类繁多，本文选取慈竹、绵竹与硬头黄竹三种竹材为研究对象，主要探讨了竹材沿着径向的不同部位主要化学成分的含量差异，研究结果表明，慈竹与硬头黄竹外层的纤维素含量最高，而绵竹则是中层的纤维素含量最高。竹原纤维化学细化处理，探讨了三方面内容：一是不同的预处理方法对竹原纤维化学脱胶效果的影响，研究结果表明，采用超声波清洗技术对竹原纤维进行预处理，对化学脱胶效果的影响较显著，较佳的工艺条件为：清洗液：蒸馏水，试验开始时清洗液的温度：50℃，清洗时间：10min；二是煮练工序中助剂的用量对竹原纤维化学脱胶效果的影响，较佳的助剂用量为：平平加O1g/l、渗透剂JFC1g/l、柠檬酸钠4g/l、CMC2.5g/l；三是采用正交分析的方法，对煮练液、煮练时间、浴比及温度四个因素进行优化设计，较佳的煮练工艺为：温度：90℃，煮练液：氢氧化钠9g/l、硫化钠2%，时间2h，浴比1:30，竹原纤维的线密度由4.tex降至1.2tex。 对竹原纤维进行生物细化处理，首先采用纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、碱性果胶酶与漆酶对竹原纤维进行细化处理，研究探讨了酶浓度与作用时间对纤维失重率与的影响规律，较佳的工艺条件为：纤维素酶：浓度4g/l，时间180min；木聚糖酶：浓度12g/l，时间180min；碱性果胶酶：浓度4g/l，时间135min；漆酶：浓度6g/l，时间135min；其次采用复配酶对竹原纤维进行细化处理，较佳的工艺条件为：碱性果胶酶与纤维素酶的用量比例为1:1，作用时间135min；碱性果胶酶与木聚糖酶的用量比例为1:1，作用时间90min；最后研究优化了竹原纤维生物酶三步法脱胶的工艺路线，纤维的线密度由5.tex降至2.37tex，取得了较好的细化效果。的研究结果对竹原纤维的开发具有重要的参考价值。 关键词：竹原纤维，化学脱胶法，生物酶法，性能The refining methods and properties study of the Bamboo fiber ABSTRACT Bamboo resources are rich in China, The demands in growing environment of bamboo are relatively low and the process of growth is not polluted, fibers which extracted directly from the bamboo have a good ecological, adsorption-air-permeabili- -ty, mold resistance and so on, more and more experts pay more attention to it. Although the process of obtaining and refining has made great progress, but comparing with other natural fibers, the spinnability should be improved further. The types of bamboo which makes up fibers is various, the article selects Sinocalamus affinis, Mianzhu and Bambusa rigida as the research object, it mainly discusses that the differences of main chemical components in the different parts of bamboo along the radial. The results show that the content of cellulose is the highest in outer layer of Sinocalamus affinis and Bambusa rigida, while the content of cellulose is the highest in middle layer of Mianzhu. In the curse of doing some chemical refining processing of ba