2014高考英语二轮阅读微技能训练2—词义句义推断题.docVIP

词义句义理解题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型，主要考查考生依据特定语境对某一单词、句子或句中某一部分的准确理解能力。同学们应通过本专题巩固并加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义句义的技能。 ◆设问特点：1. 从原文中找单词，短语或句子设问。2. 所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同，不能望文生义。3. 只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。4. 该句语法结构较难分析。5. 所考单词有的是生词，有的是旧词新意。6. 正确选项的特征是放在原文中不仅句意合理，上下文也合理。7. 错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意编造。常考问题：. The word … in paragraph … refers to ______. 2. The word “…” could be replaced by ______. 3. Which of the following words can take the place of …? 4. The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______. 5. The underlined word “…” means ______. 6. What do you think the underlined expression stands for? 7. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 8. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? 9. By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author implies that ______. 10. The last word in Para… can best be defined as ______. ◆技巧点拨： 由于猜测题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。. 推断词义要回到原句中分析。. 推断句义要看全段甚至全文。. 正确理解作者在全文中的情感态度对准确判断至关重要。. 不要受平时该词最常见意思的影响。. 推断句义应先搞清句型结构。. 正确答案不但应在该处合理，在全文中也应合理。. 熟记考试说明规定的构词法的前缀和后缀用法，留神旧词新意。. 猜测词义句义的方法：英英释义，根据同位语，参照同义词或反义词，根据上下文描写，参考关联词、替代词和上下文。（一）根据构词法判断词义 合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化派生法：由一个词根加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。一般来说前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。【试一试】猜测下面合成词的词义： (1) underwear () editor-in-chief (3) well-designed (4)underdeveloped (5) mass-produced (6) serious-looking (7) time-saving 2. 转化法练习： (1) The road narrows gradually. _______________ (2) To get there, they had to journey over a desert. _______________ (3) She clocked 23.5 seconds in the women’s 200-meter finals. ___________; __________ (4) The dog nosed out a rat. _____________ 3. 派生法练习 (1) 根据前缀猜测词义 Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?His anti-slavery policy had set millions of black free and his strength and wisdom had guided the nation through the war to peace and reunion. “reu