MAT 360 Lecture 9.ppt

MAT 360 Lecture 9 History of the parallel postulate Some attempts to prove Euclid’s V Proclus: Measuring distances. Wallis: Add postulate: “Given any triangle ΔABC, and a segment DE there exists a triangle ΔDEF similar (= with cong. angles)to ΔABC” Saccheri: Sacheri quadrilaterals □ABCD (A, B are right, C congruent to D). Try prove: If Sach. quadrilateral not rectangle, then contradiction Clairaut: Add Axiom “Rectangles exist”. Legendre: “Accute angle” Lambert: Quadrilaterals with three right angles Bolyai Proclus Let l and m be parallel lines. Let n be a line that intersects m at P. We want to show that n intersects l. Let Q be the foot of the perp. to l through P. If n = PQ , we are done. Assume n is not PQ . Then there exists Y in n and U in m such ray PY is between the rays PU and PQ. Let X be the foot of the perp. to m through Y. Proclus Let l and m be parallel lines. Let n be a line that intersects m at P. We want to show that n intersects l. Let Q be the foot of the perp. to l through P. If n = PQ , we are done. Assume n is not PQ . Then there exists Y in n and U in m such ray PY is between the rays PX and PQ. Let X be the foot of the perp. to m through Y. Legendre’s Theorem If for any acute angle BAC, and any point D in the interior of A there exist a line through D intersecting both rays AB and AC then The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180° 1. Write a script to construct an inscribed circle in a triangle ΔABC (that is, the incircle of a triangle with vertices A, B and C.) The “Given” information should be only three points, the vertices of a triangle. (You need to do some research to find out the meaning of “inscribed circle” and what the construction is.) 2. Write a script to illustrate Menelaus’ Theorem (see exercise H-5 in page 287 of the textbook). The “Given” information should be three points A, B and C, and points D, E, F as described on the exercise. 3. Write a script to illustrate Ceva’s Theorem (see exercise H-6 in