MECH 221 FLUID MECHANICS(Fall 0607)Tutorial 7.ppt

MECH221 - Course Introduction MECH 221 FLUID MECHANICS(Fall 06/07)Tutorial 7 Outline Conservation of Momentum(Navier-Stokes Equation) Dimensional Analysis Buckingham Pi Theorem Normalization Method 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) In Chapter 3, for inviscid flows, only pressure forces act on the control volume V since the viscous forces (stress) were neglected and the resultant equations are the Euler’s equations. The equations for conservation of momentum for inviscid flows were derived based on Newton’s second law in the Lagrangian form. 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) Euler’s equation: This is the Integral Form of Euler’s equation. 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) This is the Differential Form of Euler’s equation. 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) Here we should include the viscous stresses to derive the momentum conservation equations. With the viscous stress, the total stress on the fluid is the sum of pressure stress( , here the negative sign implies that tension is positive) and viscous stress ( ), and is described by the stress tensor given by: 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) Here, we generalize the body force (b) due to all types of far field forces. They may include those due to gravity , electromagnetic force, etc. As a result, the total force on the control volume in a Lagrangian frame is given by 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) The Newton’s second law then is stated as: Hence, we have 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) By the substitution of the total stress into the above equation, we have which is integral form of the momentum equation. 1. Conservation of Momentum  (Navier-Stokes Equations) For the differential form, we now apply the divergence theorem to the surface integrals to reach: Hence,