Mobile Communications Chapter 10 Mobile Transport Layer.ppt

Mobile Communications Chapter 10: Mobile Transport Layer Motivation TCP-mechanisms Indirect TCP Snooping TCP Mobile TCP Motivation I Transport protocols typically designed for Fixed end-systems Fixed, wired networks Research activities Performance Congestion control Efficient retransmissions TCP congestion control packet loss in fixed networks typically due to (temporary) overload situations router have to discard packets as soon as the buffers are full TCP recognizes congestion only indirect via missing acknowledgements, retransmissions unwise, they would only contribute to the congestion and make it even worse slow-start algorithm as reaction Motivation II TCP slow-start algorithm sender calculates a congestion window for a receiver start with a congestion window size equal to one segment exponential increase of the congestion window up to the congestion threshold, then linear increase missing acknowledgement causes the reduction of the congestion threshold to one half of the current congestion window congestion window starts again with one segment TCP fast retransmit/fast recovery TCP sends an acknowledgement only after receiving a packet if a sender receives several acknowledgements for the same packet, this is due to a gap in received packets at the receiver however, the receiver got all packets up to the gap and is actually receiving packets therefore, packet loss is not due to congestion, continue with current congestion window (do not use slow-start) Influences of mobility on TCP-mechanisms TCP assumes congestion if packets are dropped typically wrong in wireless networks, here we often have packet loss due to transmission errors furthermore, mobility itself can cause packet loss, if e.g. a mobile node roams from one access point (e.g. foreign agent in Mobile IP) to another while there are still packets in transit to the wrong access point and forwarding is not possible The performance of an unchanged TCP degrades severely however, TCP cannot be ch