环境恶化案例分析.pptVIP

The Deterioration of Our Environment Presented by Qi Yawei Example 1 The Aral Sea The Aral Sea located in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan,is historically a saline lake. It is in the centre of a large,flat desert basin. The Aral Sea is a prime example of a dynamic environment. In 1960 it was the world`s fourth largest lake , the size of the entirety of Southern California. The eco-system of the Aral Sea and the river feeding into it has been nearly destroyed, not least because of the much higher salinity. The receding sea has left huge plains covered with salt and toxic chemicals?– the results of weapon testing, industrial projects, pesticides and fertilizer runoff?– which are picked up and carried away by the wind as toxic dust and spread to the surrounding area. The land around the Aral Sea is heavily polluted and the people living in the area are suffering from a lack of fresh water and health problems, including high rates of certain forms of cancer and lung diseases. Respiratory illnesses (most of which is drug resistant) and cancer, digestive disorders, anaemia, and infectious diseases are common ailments in the region. Liver, kidney and eye problems can also be attributed to the toxic dust storms. Health concerns associated with the region are a cause for an unusually high fatality rate amongst vulnerable parts of the population. Reasons : In the early 1960s, the Soviet decided that the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya in the south and the Syr Darya in the northeast, would be diverted to irrigate the desert, in order to attempt to grow rice, melons, cereals, and cotton. Solutions: Improving the quality of irrigation canals; Installing desalination plants; Charging farmers to use the water from the rivers; Using alternative cotton species that require less water Using fewer chemicals on the cotton; Moving farming away from cotton; Installing dams to fill the Aral Sea; Example 2the Amazon Rain Forest It contains about a third of the Earth`