系统程式.pptVIP

系統程式 朱浩華教授/施吉昇教授 臺灣大學資訊工程系 Contents Preface/Introduction Standardization and Implementation File I/O Standard I/O Library Files and Directories System Data Files and Information Environment of a Unix Process Process Control Signals Inter-process Communication Process Control Objective Process Control: Process Creation and Termination, Program Execution, etc. Process Properties and Accounting E.g., ID’s. Related Functions E.g., system() Process Identifiers Process ID – a nonnegative unique integer tmpnam Multi-processes in modern systems Image that you are now a system architect to design a new multi-process systems. Q1: How does the systems create a new process and terminate a process? Q2: What processes you need when the system starts? Q2: Should you impose a communist or democratic system on your system? Process Control Special Processes PID 0 – Swapper (I.e., the scheduler) Kernel process No program on disks correspond to this process PID 1 – init responsible for bringing up a Unix system after the kernel has been bootstrapped. (/etc/rc* init or /sbin/rc* init) User process with superuser privileges PID 2 - pagedaemon responsible for paging Kernel process Memory Management Virtual Memory – Demand paging Memory Management Virtual Memory – Demand paging Memory Management Demand Paging Page fault - disk I/O - modify the page table - rerun the instruction! Process Control #include sys/types.h #include unistd.h pid_t getpid(void); pid_t getppid(void); uid_t getuid(void); uid_t geteuid(void); gid_t getgid(void); gid_t getegid(void); None of them has an error return. Discussion How can your systems have multiple processes? What’s a Fork() Child is an exact copy of the parent process. They have their own memory space. fork #include sys/types.h #include unistd.h pid_t fork(void); The only way beside the bootstrap process to create a new process. Call once but return twice 0 for the child process (getppid) Child pid for the parent (1:n) Copies of almost everything