汽车变速器设计说明书 -本科毕业设计.doc

摘 要 变速器是汽车重要的传动系组成，在较大范围内改变汽车行驶速度的大小和汽车驱动轮上扭矩的大小。变速器能在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车倒退行驶，而且利用档位可以中断动力的传递。变速器是车辆不可或缺的一部分，其中机械式变速箱设计发展到今天，其技术已经成熟，但对于我们还没有踏出校门的学生来说，其中的设计理念还是很值得我们去探讨、学习的。 设计的变速箱来说，其特点是：扭矩变化范围大可以满足不同的工况要求，结构简单，易于生产、使用和维修，价格低廉，而且采用同步器挂挡，可以使变速器挂挡平稳，噪声降低，轮齿不易损坏。在设计中采用了5+1档手动变速器，通过较大的变速器传动比变化范围，可以满足汽车在不同的工况下的要求，从而达到其经济性和动力性的要求；变速器挂挡时用同步器，虽然增加了成本，但是使汽车变速器操纵舒适度增加，齿轮传动更平稳。 本文设计了常用货车用机械式变速器。在阐述了机械式变速器的功用、要求的基础上，根据设计任务书的要求，选择三轴式的设计方案，进行变速器主要参数的确定、齿轮的强度校核和齿轮的几何尺寸计算，同时设计了变速器所用的锁环式同步器，确定了同步器的主要参数，最后对变速器操纵机构进行设计。 关键词：变速器；齿轮；输入轴；同步器 Abstract The transmission gearbox, as an important part in automobile driving system is used to make up the shortcoming of engine torque and rotary speed. It can change the vehicle speed and type torque in a big scope, cut off the power transfer from the engine, and also provides a reverse traveling direction for the vehicle. Transmission is an integral part of the vehicle, including mechanical design development of transmission, the technology has matured, but we have not taken the schools students, of which the design is still very worthwhile for us to explore and learn of.  Gearbox design, its features are: large torque range to meet the requirements of different operating conditions, simple structure, easy production, use and maintenance, low cost, and the use of synchronizer sets required shifting allows smooth transmission required shifting, noise reduction is not easy damaged teeth. Used in the design of the 5 +1 manual transmission, transmission through the large changes in the scope of the transmission ratio, to meet the vehicle requirements of different conditions, so as to achieve its economic and power requirements; transmission linked file by synchronizer sets, although the increase in cost, but the manipulation of the automobile transmission to increase comfort, smoother gear.  This designs commonly used truck with mechanical transmission. Describes the function of mechanical transmission and on the basis of the requirem