How to write english abstract.pptVIP

How to write english abstract Abstract 根据GB6447-86的定义，摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。 An abstract is a short informative(报道性) or descriptive （指示性）summary of a longer report（文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。）. 美国人称摘要为“Abstract”，而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。 Types of abstracts A DESCRIPTIVE abstract： merely identifies the areas to be covered in the report. It is an extended statement of purpose or scope. Such an abstract is only useful for a very long report, because it demonstrates only the papers organization, not its content. 指示性摘要：指示一次文献的陈述主题及取得的成果性质和水平的简明摘要。指示性摘要仅报道文章论述了什么,一般不涉及研究方法、对象及对结论进一步认识的摘要。 Types of abstracts An INFORMATIVE abstract ：summarizes the entire report and gives the reader an overview of the facts that will be laid out in detail in the paper itself. It is rarely longer than one page and should never exceed more than 10% of the length of the entire report; otherwise it defeats its own purpose. 报道性摘要：指明一次文献的主题范围及内容梗概的简明摘要（也称简介）。 Types of abstracts 一般的科技论文都应尽量写成报道性摘要，而对综述性、资料性或评论性的文章可写成指示性或报道/指示性摘要。 Several potential uses for abstracts An executive preparing a comprehensive report might ask her assistant to abstract articles from different levels of periodicals to provide information quickly and to help her decide whether to read the complete articles. A professional might read the abstract accompanying a journal article to decide if it is worth her time to read the full article. Several potential uses for abstracts Libraries subscribe to abstracting journals and series (including Dissertation Abstracts International) to provide an overview of content. Certain congressional and association newsletters（通讯） provide abstracts of newspaper articles that pertain to issues relevant to their memberships. Rules for writing abstracts （1）字数 GB7713-87规定：中文摘要一般不宜超过200~300字；外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。如遇特殊需要字数可以略多。 通常中文摘要以不超过400字为宜，纯指示性摘要可以简短一些，应控制在200字上下。 本科毕业论文摘要：一般字数在300－500字左右。 例如：《细胞生物学杂志》 中文摘要字数应不超过300个字。 中文论文应给出较中文摘要更为详细的英文摘要，英文摘要不超过250个单词。 关键词 不超过5个，中英文对映，分别列在中英文摘要后面。 上