山东省新泰二中高二英语Unit2 《Robots》 语法预习案.docVIP

制作人： 审核人： 制作时间： 2013..13 英语语态指的是主语与谓语动词之间的关系，如果是主动关系（主语是动作的执行者），句子就是主动语态；如果是被动关系（主语是动作的承受者），句子就是被动语态。1. 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。 Printing was introduced to Europe from China. (省略了by短语。) Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away. (省略了by短语。) 2. You are requested to give a performance. You are cordially (诚挚地) invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 3. (这时可带by引起的短语)。 The song was composed（组成; 写作）by a student. A good time was had by all. be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 一般现在时：am/is/are＋given The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics. 一般过去时：was/were＋given These computers were made in our own country. 一般将来时：will/shall be＋given Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? 过去将来时：would be＋given 【例句】The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given　 The machine is being repaired in the workshop. 过去进行时：was/were being＋given The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky. 现在完成时：have/has been＋given Swift progress has also been made in culture and education. 过去完成时：had been＋given The huge bridge had been damaged before the World WarⅡ. 将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given The book will have been published by the end of next month. 含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词 This problem can be solved. 这问题可解决。 What’s done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。 George might be sent to America by his company in August. 类似结构（be going to, have to 等）变成被动语态： This room is going to be painted next week.这个房间下周粉刷。 Go away! I want to be left alone.走开！我想独自待一会儿。 1. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。 They didn’t offer Ann the job. Ann wasn’t offered the job. 安未得到这份工作。 2. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。 They make her clean the floor. (She is made to clean the floor by them. 3. It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 (=主