学术交际英语8.pptVIP

* * 第4章 学术论文写作常见问题与错误分析(sentence writing) 1词类(冠词、连词、数词、介词、副词、形容词、名词) 2否定，形容词和副词比较等级 3 动词非谓语形式 4 从句 5 句子成分的强调 6 倒装 7 省略 8 分隔修饰 定语从句 基本定语从句 关系代词(who，whom, that, which, whose)在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语 关系副词(where, when, why)在从句中作状语 2. 先行词为不定代词（anything, all, little等）或被序数词、形容词最高级或only, no, very等修饰时只能用that This is the largest aircraft that has ever been manufactured in China. 注意：“all (that)+定语从句”表示“只需要”，“只能”，“只” 我们只需按一下这个按钮。 All we need to do is to press this button. 练习 计算机是人类(man)所曾有过的最有效(efficient)的助手。 为了获取信息（access the information ），用户只需要启动网络浏览器（web browser）、访问网站就可以了。 1.Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had. 2.All the user has to do in order to access the information is start a web browser and visit the web site. 3.省略定语从句引导词情况 1)This component carries out the instructions we give it. 2)在way, distance, reason, time, number of times (units), amount, direction等后可省引导词 Work is the product of the force and the distance (through which /that )a body moves. 练习 雷达可以测出无线电回波(radio echo)返回所需的时间。 我们必须计算出该物体被提起(lift)的距离。 需要确定y分量降为零的时间。 这个质点(particle)每秒钟振动(vibrate)的次数（number of times）被叫做频率。 Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return. We must calculate the distance (that) the body is lifted. It is necessary to determine the time （when/that/at which） the y-component decreases to zero. The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency. 4. 介词＋which引导定语从句 与被修饰名词的搭配 The rate __which work is done is referred to as power. 与从句中动词、名词或形容词所需的搭配 The wavelength __ which the eye is most sensitive is 5.5×10-5cm. 由整个句子所要表达的概念来确定 A magnet can cause an electric current in a wire near which it is moved. 练习 1.该圆切割实轴(the axis of reals)的点处于a=b处。 The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where a=b. The point __ which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where a=b. 2. 电子在其上面产生图像的显像管的表面称为荧光屏。 The surface of a picture tube ___ which the e