减小合金多层焊的凝固裂纹倾向.docVIP

减小合金多层焊的凝固裂纹倾向 在冶金因素方面，为了防止焊接时产生晶间热裂纹，主要通过调整焊缝合金系统或向填加金属中添加变质剂。调整焊缝合金系统的着眼点，从抗裂角度考虑，在于控制适量的易熔共晶并缩小结晶温度区间。由于铝合金属于典型的共晶型合金，最大裂纹倾向正好同合金的“最大”凝固温度区间相对应，少量易熔共晶的存在总是增大凝固裂纹倾向。 In metallurgical factors, in order to prevent intergranular formed during welding hot crack, mainly by adjusting the system or to add weld alloy metal metamorphic agent is added. Adjust a focal point of weld alloy system, from the crack Angle consideration, is to control the right amount of fusible eutectic crystallization and narrow temperature range. Due to the aluminum alloy type belongs to the typical eutectic alloy, maximum crack tendency is just largest with alloy solidification interval corresponding to the temperature, the existence of a small amount of fusible eutectic always increases solidification crack tendency. 在一般情况下，杂质较少的金属（包括母材和焊接材料），由于脆性温度区间较窄，拉应力在这个区间作用的时间比较短，使得焊缝的总应变量比较小，因此焊接时产生的裂纹倾向较小。因此，当温度高于或者低于 a-b 之间的脆性温度区时，焊缝金属都有较大的抵抗结晶裂纹的能力，具有较小的裂纹倾向。 In general, less metal impurities (including the parent metal and welding material), due to the brittle temperature range is narrow, the tensile stress in the interval of time is shorter, makes the total weld variables should be smaller and thus tend to be smaller cracking during welding. Therefore, when the temperature above or below a - b between the brittleness temperature zone and weld metal has larger crystal crack resistance ability, has a small crack tendency. 在工艺因素上，主要是焊接规范、预热、接头形式和焊接顺序，这些方法都是从焊接应力上着手来解决焊接裂纹。焊接工艺参数影响凝固过程的不平衡性和凝固的组织状态，也影响凝固过程中的应变增长速度，因而影响裂纹的产生。如果焊缝中杂质比较多，则脆性温度区间范围比较宽，拉伸应力在这个区间的作用时间比较长，产生裂纹的倾向较大。 On the technological factors, mainly is the welding specification, preheating, joint form, and welding sequence, of these methods is to to solve the welding crack on the welding stress. The imbalance of welding process parameters affect the solidification process and the solidification of organization, also influence the strain growth rate of the solidification process and thus influence the crack generation. If impurities in t